Authors: Rohan Khera MD, Arya Aminorroaya MD, Lovedeep Singh Dhingra MBBS, Phyllis M Thangaraj MD, Aline Pedroso Camargos MS, Fan Bu PhD, Xiyu Ding MS, Akihiko Nishimura PhD, Tara V Anand BS, Faaizah Arshad BS, Clair Blacketer MPH, Yi Chai PhD, Shounak Chattopadhyay PhD, Michael Cook BSc, David A Dorr MD, Talita Duarte-Salles PhD, Scott L DuVall PhD, Thomas Falconer MS, Tina E French RN, Elizabeth E Hanchrow MSN, Guneet Kaur, Wallis CY Lau PhD, Jing Li MS, Kelly Li BS, Yuntian Liu MPH, Yuan Lu ScD, Kenneth KC Man PhD, Michael E Matheny MD, Nestoras Mathioudakis MD, Jody-Ann McLeggon MPH, Michael F McLemore RN, Evan Minty MD, Daniel R Morales MD, Paul Nagy PhD, Anna Ostropolets PhD, Andrea Pistillo MSc, Thanh-Phuc Phan MBA, Nicole Pratt PhD, Carlen Reyes MD, Lauren Richter MD, Joseph Ross MD, Elise Ruan MD, Sarah L Seager BS, Katherine R Simon AA, Benjamin Viernes PhD, Jianxiao Yang MS, Can Yin MS, Seng Chan You MD, Jin J Zhou PhD, Patrick B Ryan PhD, Martijn J Schuemie PhD, Harlan M Krumholz MD, George Hripcsak MD, Marc A Suchard PhD

Funding: This study was partially funded through the National Institutes of Health grants K23 HL153775, R01 LM006910, R01 HG006139 and R01 HL169954, and the US Department of Veterans Affairs under the research priority to "Put VA Data to Work for Veterans" (VA ORD 22-D4V). The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the protocol; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

Disclosures: RK is an Associate Editor at JAMA and received support from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health (under award K23 HL153775) and the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation (under award, 2022060). He also receives research support, through Yale, from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novo Nordisk, and BridgeBio. He is a coinventor of U.S. Provisional Patent Applications 63/619,241, 63/606,203, 63/177,117, 63/346,610, 63/428,569, and 63/484,426, unrelated to current work. He is also a co-founder of Evidence2Health and Ensight-AI, both representing precision health platforms to improve evidence-based cardiovascular care. SLD reports grants from Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc., AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, Biodesix, Inc, Celgene Corporation, Cerner Enviza, GSK PLC, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Novartis International AG, Parexel International Corporation through the University of Utah or Western Institute for Veteran Research outside the submitted work. KKCM receives support from C W Maplethorpe Fellowship, National Institute of Health Research, UK, European Commission Framwork Horizon 2020, Hong Kong Research Grant Council, Innovation and Technology Commission of the Hong Kong Special Administration Region Government, outside the submitted work. DRM was supported by a Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Fellowship (214588/Z/18/Z). In the past three years, HMK received expenses and/or personal fees from UnitedHealth, Element Science, Aetna, Reality Labs, Tesseract/4Catalyst, F-Prime, the Siegfried and Jensen Law Firm, Arnold and Porter Law Firm, and Martin/Baughman Law Firm. He is a co-founder of Refactor Health and HugoHealth, and is associated with contracts, through Yale New Haven Hospital, from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and through Yale University from Johnson & Johnson. SCY reports being a Chief Technology Officer of PHI Digital Healthcare. JRT currently receives research support through Yale University from Johnson and Johnson to develop methods of clinical trial data sharing, from the Food and Drug Administration for the Yale-Mayo Clinic Center for Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation (CERSI) program (U01 FD005938), from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (R01 HS022882), and from Arnold Ventures; formerly received research support from the Medical Device Innovation Consortium as part of the National Evaluation System for Health Technology (NEST) and from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (R01 HS025164, R01 HL144644); and in addition, JRT was an expert witness at the request of Relator's attorneys, the Greene Law Firm, in a qui tam suit alleging violations of the False Claims Act and Anti-Kickback Statute against Biogen Inc. that was settled September 2022. PMT is a coinventor of a provisional patent 63/606,203 unrelated to the current work and is funded by 5T32 HL155000-03. CB, AO, and PBR are employees of Johnson & Johnsson and MJS is an employee and shareholder of Johnson & Johnson. Other authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Acknowledgments: None.